Chapter 2: What is Wordpress?



Chapter 2


What is WordPress?

  • Laying out the pieces of a WordPress deployment
  • Turning on a SQL database to store your data
  • Turning on a VM to run WordPress
  • Turning everything off

Deploying WordPress yourself using 

Hosting your own website or blog

Google Compute Engine 
Google Cloud SQL 
host your infrastructure

What we need to turn on

looking at the flow of an ideal request through our future system

start with a single machine, shown in figure 2.1, because that’s the simplest possible configuration.



  1. Request a page from the server.

  1. WordPress server queries the database.

  1. database sends back a result (for example, the content of the page)

  1. WordPress server sends back a web page.

relying on cloud services for more complicated hosting problems like content distribution. 

 if your servers are in the United States, what’s the experience going to be like for your readers in Asia?

 WordPress server using Google Cloud Storage to handle static content (like images).

when static content is requested, it doesn’t reuse the same flow.

WordPress server modifies references to static content so that rather than requesting it from
the WordPress server, the browser requests it from Google Cloud Storage

Requests for images and other static content will be handled directly by Google Cloud Storage

Distributing your content around the world and caching the data close to your readers.

Static content will be delivered quickly 

no matter how far users are from your WordPress server

2.2 

 Digging into the database

most popular open source databases is MySQL

Storing relational data

Early days of cloud computing

Standard way to turn on a database like MySQL 

Create a virtual machine

Install the MySQL binary package

Manage that virtual machine like any regular server

Cloud providers started noticing that databases all seemed to follow this same pattern

Started offering managed database services, where you don’t have to configure the virtual machine
yourself but instead turn on a managed virtual machine running a specific binary.

Amazon has Relational Database Service (RDS)
Azure has SQL Database service
and Google has Cloud SQL service

WordPress deployment, which is typical, Cloud SQL is a great fit.

Looks almost identical to a MySQL server that you’d configure yourself, but is easier and faster
to set up.

2.2.1. Turning on a Cloud SQL instance


First step to turning on our database

Cloud Console 

clicking SQL in the left-side navigation






select a Second Generation instance 


Choose MySQL

Creating a virtual machine that Google will manage for you, as well as install and configure MySQL for you.

Need to name your database

let’s name the database wordpress-db

the name has to be unique inside your project





choose a password to access MySQL

I used uconnstamford

us-central1 

This will take a few minutes.

Once it is complete a green checked circle will appear

now click into the instance and hit edit



Hit Edit



Then Connections



2.2.2. Securing your Cloud SQL instance


Change a few settings on your SQL instance so that you (and, hopefully, only you) can connect to it
Add network 0.0.0.0/0 


add new network

Open the Authorization tab, click the Add network button, add “the world” in CIDR notation
(0.0.0.0/0, which means “all IPs possible”), and click Save

then hit done and save

you should never leave this setting for your production environments. 

2.2.3. Connecting to your Cloud SQL instance

From Instance Details on overview tab



connect using cloud shell

Welcome to Cloud Shell! Type "help" to get started.
Your Cloud Platform project in this session is set to
uconn-engr.
Use “gcloud config set project [PROJECT_ID]” to
change to
a different project.
john_iacovacci1@cloudshell:~ (uconn-engr)
$ gcloud sql connect wordpress-db --user=root --quiet

It will type out a connection string where you just have to hit return

Whitelisting your IP for incoming connection for 5
minutes...done.
Connecting to database with SQL user [root].
Enter password:
once the password is accepted you are now ready to work
in MySQL.

Note: password needs to match password from create SQL instance.
If you don't get to MySQL>; prompt click x to exit on lower right
and connect again


Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 95
Server version: 5.7.14-google-log (Google)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MySQL>

2.2.4. Configuring your Cloud SQL instance for WordPress


1.  Create a database called wordpress.
2.  Create a user called wordpress.
3.  Give the wordpress user the appropriate permissions.
on the MySQL prompt

create the database by running this code:

MySQL>CREATE DATABASE wordpress;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

create a user account for WordPress to use for access to the database:

MySQL>CREATE USER wordpress IDENTIFIED BY 'uconnstamford';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

give this new user the right level of access to do things to the database (like create tables, add rows
, run queries, and so on):

MySQL>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO wordpress;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

tell MySQL to reload the list of users and privileges.

MySQL>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

MySQL>exit

exit

2.3. Deploying the WordPress VM


use compute engine to create a Virtual Machine


Create a new VM for our WordPress site





Name instance wordpress 

leave defaults


Make sure we allow traffic






click into the instance then connect via ssh



check boxes for allowing HTTP and HTTPS traffic are selected because we want our WordPress
server to be accessible to anyone through their browsers. 

2.4. Configuring WordPress


connect to VM via SSH.

On Linux operating systems that use the APT package management system, the apt-get command is used to install,
remove, and perform other operations on installed software packages. The apt-get command, and other core APT
utilities, are available by default in the Debian, Ubuntu, and Linux Mint operating systems.

john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://security.debian.org stretch/updates InRelease
Ign:2 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch InRelease
Hit:3 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk-stretch InRelease  
Hit:4 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-updates InRelease            
Hit:5 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch-backports InRelease          
Hit:6 http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch Release                      
Hit:7 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-compute-engine-stretch-s
table InRelease
Hit:8 http://packages.cloud.google.com/apt google-cloud-packages-archive-k
eyring-stretch InRelease
Reading package lists... Done                     
john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$

sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-client php7.0-mysql php7.0 libapache2-mod-php7.0 php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-gd


john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$ sudo apt-get install apache2 mysql-client php7.0-mysql php7.0 libapache2-mod-
php7.0 php7.0-mcrypt php7.0-gd

Apache is the most widely used web server software.
Developed and maintained by Apache Software Foundation,
Apache is an open source software available for free.


john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$ wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
--2019-09-11 01:00:31--  http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
Resolving wordpress.org (wordpress.org)... 198.143.164.252
Connecting to wordpress.org (wordpress.org)|198.143.164.252|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently
--2019-09-11 01:00:31--  https://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
Connecting to wordpress.org (wordpress.org)|198.143.164.252|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 11198223 (11M) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘latest.tar.gz’
latest.tar.gz              100%[======================================>]  10.68M  --.-KB/s    in 0.1s   
2019-09-11 01:00:31 (86.5 MB/s) - ‘latest.tar.gz’ saved [11198223/11198223]

GNU Wget (or just Wget, formerly Geturl, also written as its package name, wget) is a computer program
that retrieves content from web servers. 

john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$tar xzvf latest.tar.gz


The Linux ‘tar’ stands for tape archive, is used to create Archive and extract the Archive files.
john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~$  cd wordpress
john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~/wordpress$
john_iacovacci1@wordpress:~/wordpress$ cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
                   
john_iacovacci1@jiacovacci:~$
~/wordpress$ cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php


set some configuration parameters

where WordPress should store data and how to authenticate

pico wp-config.php


edit the file to point to your Cloud SQL instance. 




<php
/**
* The base configuration for WordPress
*
* The wp-config.php creation script uses this file during the
* installation. You don't have to use the web site, you can
* copy this file to "wp-config.php" and fill in the values.
*
* This file contains the following configurations:
*
* * MySQL settings
* * Secret keys
* * Database table prefix
* * ABSPATH
*
*
* @package WordPress
*/
// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );
/** MySQL database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpress' );
/** MySQL database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'uconnstamford' );
/** MySQL hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', '35.237.31.226' );
/** Database Charset to use in creating database tables. */
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8' );
move all those files out of your home directory and into somewhere that Apache can serve them.

remove the Apache default page, index.html. The easiest way to do this is using rm and then rcp

See changes in RED

sudo rm /var/www/html/index.html



cd ~/wordpress/

sudo rcp -r * /var/www/html






Now navigate to the web server in your browser http://35.193.13.130



following the prompts should take about 5 minutes, and you’ll have a working WordPress installation!


Configure WP with email account and password

add new pages




2.5. Reviewing the system

So what did you do here? You set up quite a few different pieces:
  • You turned on a Cloud SQL instance to store all of your data.
  • You added a few users and changed the security rules.
  • You turned on a Compute Engine virtual machine.
  • You installed WordPress on that VM.

2.6. Turning it off


The first thing to turn off is the GCE virtual machine. 

two options, Stop and Delete. 

delete an instance, it’s gone forever

When you stop an instance, it’s still there, but in a paused state from which you can pick up exactly where you left off.

 disk that stores the operating system and all your configuration settings needs to stay around. You are billed for your disks whether or not they’re attached to a running virtual machine



Update wp_options set option_value='http://35.222.236.76' where option_name = 'siteurl';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> update wp_options set option_value='http://35.222.236.76' where option_name = 'home';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql>

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